2.3. Light Heavy-Duty Trucks Split to Public and Other Categories

EMFAC light heavy-duty truck categories LHD1 and LHD2 correspond to vehicles having GVWR between 8,501 to 10,000 pounds and between 10,001 to 14,000 pounds, respectively. Historically, EMFAC grouped these vehicles by weight class ( i.e., LHD1 and LHD2) but did not further classify vehicles by fleet type. Starting with EMFAC2025, LHD1 and LHD2 are split into two categories: Public and Other. Public fleets are subject to the State and Local Government Fleet requirements of the Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) regulation (See Section 9.2 for more information about ACF), which mandate 50% ZEV purchases for calendar years 2024–2026 and 100% ZEV purchases starting in 2027.

To determine the percentage of LHD1 and LHD2, staff used DMV data from 2013 to 2020 to estimate ratios by fuel type and sub-area. Public vehicles were identified using the DMV field “Typ_lic_code,” which is unique for vehicles owned by public agencies. Staff implemented these fractions in EMFAC2025 to split LHD1 and LHD2 into Public and Other categories. Statewide, Public vehicles make up 5.8% and 7.7% of LHD1 and LHD2, respectively, in calendar year 2025.